Morphological characteristics and spectral reflectivity of some degraded soils west Fold Makhoul

Abstract

The study aim to determine the status and the types of degradation in different sites, depending on the interest of the morphological characteristics Evaluation  of the selected Soils and using the Remote Sensing Thechniques as a modern and efficient technologies in monitoring and controlling changes as a result of soil degradation and vegetation and knowledge of the spectral behavior of these soils using a measuring device reflectivity spectral Spectroradiometer. The study was conducted in the province of Salah Alddin in the area between the city of Baiji, and Sharqat that represent the western flank of Makhoul  fold, the Total area was to 402.20 km2. It has been identified types of Degradation of soils study, which varied between physical degradation District Representative Degradation at Soil Structure build soils and chemical Representative high content of salts and gypsum content and biological Representative down the organic matter content and lack of vegetation. The study also demonstrated through the use of Spectral Reflectance dvice (Spectroradiometer) to show properties of Spectral  reflectance curves of degraded Soil, and characterized by a high degree of gypsum soils with situations of deterioration as a result of high gypsum content by distinguished absorb moisture packs at wavelengths (1400-1450) nm. A reflectance spectral increases with the color value of the Value and increases with higher content of Gypsum, which increases with depth, The results showed a linear relationship was positive and strong, a factor determining R2 value of 0.93 between the percentage of reflectivity and spectral values​​, linear relationship positive between reflectance and spectral content of gypsum, a factor determining R2 worth 0.77 Pan Pedons soils study area. And the existence of a relationship between the third-degree reflectivity ratio of the spectral content of organic matter by a factor of determining R2 value of 0.52