Tikrit Journal of Pure Science

The Relationship between interleukin 1beta and virulence factors produced by some bacteria isolated from patients with sinus infections

Shiamaa Al-Khazali, Suha Mahir, Mohanad Hasan — Tue, 25 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Sinusitis is an inflammatory process of the mucosa lining the paranasal cavity. Currently, the term rhinosinusitis has been more accepted because rhinitis and sinusitis are continuous diseases. The study aimed to demonstrate the relationship between interleukin beta 1 and virulence factors of the bacteria that cause sinusitis. Method s::This study was conducted in Salah al-Din Governorate in the city of Balad in Balad General Hospital and Balad Healthcare Sector in the period from 1/11/2022 to 1/6/2023. From 1-50 years of both gender by taking nasal swabs with a carrier medium and blood samples, where 90 samples were collected from patients.Results: the present study showed that Interleukin -beta 1.scored high sensitivity (91% and 83%) and specificity (84% and 60%) with significant differences (p<0.05) in screening patients with sinusitis, The positivity of Escherichia coli 13.3% ,Staphylococcus haemolyticus 11.7%, Klebsiella pneumonia, 13.3%,Yersinia enterocolitica 8.3%,Providencia stuartii 8.3%, Staphylococeas epidermidi 18.3%, Pesedomonas oryzihabitans 15.0%, Leuconostoc psedomesenteroides 16.7%,and Burkhoderia cepacia 16.7% respectively .

Epidemiological and Molecular Characterization of Malassezia species from Patients with pityriasis versicolor in Erbil Province

Zuber Hassan, Dindar Sharif Qurtas Qurtas — Tue, 25 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Pityriasis versicolor (PV) is the most common chronic superficial infection of the stratum corneum. Pityriasis versicolor is the prototypical skin disease etiologically connected to Malassezia species. Malassezia furfur is the primary causative agent of pityriasis versicolor which causes either hyperpigmentation or hypopigmentation of the skin.

Material and Methods: Sixty patients suffering from pityriasis versicolor disease who attended Erbil Dermatological Center, from August 2021 up to July 2023. Clinical diagnoses were done by consultant dermatologist. Thirty nine were males and Twenty-six were females. DNA has been extracted from skin scraps isolated from various body areas using the DNeasy Blood & Tissue Kit (Qiagen, Germany) and it was amplified using specific primers for Malassezia strains. The amplified PCR products were sequenced commercially in both directions (Macrogen Inc. South Korea).

Results: The largest proportion of infections was reported by hyperpigmentation (64.6%), followed by hypopigmentation (44.5%). The rosy-coloured lesions were present only in 8 (12.3%) of patients. Applying of polymerase chain reaction is extremely critical to verify the diagnosis of Malassezia species. Ribosomal region of sequence analysis revealed that, the sequences of 14 isolates under the accession number (MT000715 and MT000716) were (99.9%-100%) homologous to M. furfur under the accession number NG_057730 and 6 isolates under the accession number (MT000717) were (100%) homologous to M.globosa (AY743604 and AJ249951). Phylogenetic analyzes were performed to assist investigate the relationship of M.furfur and M.globosa to support these results in Erbil province.

Conclusions: Phylogenetic analysis of the fourteen isolates (M. furfur) under the accession (MT000715 and MT000716) and the remaining six isolates belonging to the M. globasa (MT000717) were analyzed by MEGA 5.05 and compared with sequences of different Malassezia species available in Gen Bank database, the data showed a clear convergence between our Malassezia isolates from Erbil patients and that of the Gen Bank database.

4-aminosalicylic acid as a coupling reagent for spectrophotometric determination of mesalazine in an aqueous medium

Mohamed Y. Dhamra, Esraa A.Ahmad — Tue, 25 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

A sensitive, rapid, and inexpensive spectrophotometric method for the determination of mesalazine in an alkaline medium by an oxidative coupling reaction was developed. At a wavelength of about 600 nm, mesalazine could be estimated in the range (0.1–14) µg/ml with high sensitivity, since the molar absorption was 7.6×10³ L.mol^-1.cm^-1 and the Sandell index was 0.0201 µg/cm², with a recovery rate of 101.6% and a lower relative standard deviation from 1.2%, the synthesis ratio of the dye product was tested and found to be 1:1 (mesalazine:4-aminosalicylic acid) and the dye stability constant value was 8.51×10⁵. The method was successfully applied to the determination of mesalazine in its pharmaceutical preparations, which were in the form of compressed tablets, and the results agreed with the authentic contents of the pharmaceutical preparation and the British Pharmacopoeia-approved method.

Synthesis, Characterization, and Evaluation of the biological activity of novel Oxazepine compounds derived from monocarboxylic acid.

Hamid Mohammed Saleh Al-Jubori Al-Jubori — Tue, 25 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Abstract

In this study, novel compounds were synthesized from the ibuprofen nucleus, specifically 2-[4-(2-methylpropyl)phenyl]propanoic acid. The synthesis involved two main reactions: halogenation using bromine (1) Then, the esterification (2) and reaction of the resulting ester with hydrazine hydrate were carried out to prepare the hydrazide compounds. (3). By employing these reactions, a series of new hydrazone compounds (4-6) were successfully synthesized through a condensation reaction between substituted aromatic carbonyl compounds and hydrazine derivatives.

Furthermore, the hydrazone derivatives underwent a cycloaddition reaction with maleic anhydride, resulting in the production of 1,3-oxazepine compounds (7-9). The structural formula of the synthesized compounds was determined using analytical techniques such as Fourier Transformed Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy (1H-NMR, 13C-NMR), and thin layer chromatography (TLC). These techniques were employed to confirm the occurrence of the reactions and the formation of the desired products.

The results of the analysis validated the structural structures of the prepared compounds, indicating the successful synthesis of the intended compounds.

Additionally, the biological activity of all oxazepine derivatives was evaluated using the diffusion plate method. The antibacterial activity of the newly synthesized compounds was specifically assessed. This assessment provides valuable information regarding the potential antimicrobial properties of the compounds.

In summary, this research focused on synthesizing new compounds derived from the ibuprofen nucleus and investigating their structural characteristics and biological activities, particularly their antibacterial properties.

في هذه الدراسة تحضيرمركبات جديدة من نواة الايبوبروفين، وتحديداً حمض 2-[4-(2-ميثيلبروبيل)فينيل]بروبانويك. تضمنت عملية التحضير تفاعلين رئيسيين: الهلجنة باستخدام البروم (1) ومن ثم الاسترة ومفاعلة الاستر الناتج مع الهيدرازين المائي لتحضير الهيدرازيد (3) (2). باستخدام هذين التفاعلين، تم تحضير سلسلة من مركبات الهيدرازون الجديدة (4-6) من خلال تفاعل التكثيف بين مشتقات الكاربونيل الاروماتية المعوضة ومشتقات الهيدرازين.

بالإضافة إلى ذلك، خضعت مشتقات الهيدرازون لتفاعل الاضافة الحلقية مع أنهيدريد الماليك، لتكوين مركبات الأوكسازيبين 1،3 (7-9). تم تشخيص الصيغة الكيميائية للمركبات المحضرة باستخدام تقنيات طيفية مثل طيف الأشعة تحت الحمراء (FTIR) والرنين النووي المغناطيسي (1H-NMR، 13C-NMR) وتقنية الكروماتوغرافيا الطبقية الرقيقة (TLC). تم استخدام هذه التقنيات لتأكيد حدوث التفاعلات وتكوين النواتج المطلوبة.

أكدت نتائج التحليل صحة التراكيب الكيميائية للمركبات المحضرة، مما يشير إلى نجاح عملية تحضير المركبات الكيميائية .

بالإضافة إلى ذلك، تم تقييم الفعالية البايلوجية لجميع مشتقات الأوكسازيبين باستخدام طريقة لوحة الانتشار. تم تحديد النشاط المضاد للبكتيريا للمركبات المحضرة. توفر هذه التقييمات معلومات قيمة بشأن الخصائص المضادة للميكروبات المحتملة للمركبات.

باختصار، ركزت هذه الدراسة على تحضير مركبات جديدة مشتقة من نواة الايبوبروفين واستكشاف خصائصها البنائية والنشاطات البيولوجية، وبخاصة خصائصها المضادة للبكتيريا.

Geochemical Assessment of Oligocene Limestone for Conceivable Use as Raw Material for Portland Cement in Sangaw Area, Iraqi Kurdistan

Saman Ghareeb, Omer Ahmed, Rezhan Jamil — Tue, 25 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The sedimentary deposit of Oligocene rocks is outcropped in Ashdagh mountain in south of Sulaymaniyah - Sangaw area and characterized by highly calcareous limestone, especially in the lower parts. The rocks of this age are composed of nine formations included Shurau, Sheikh Alas, Planai, Baba, Bajwan, Tarjili, Anah, Azkand, and Ibrahim those are deposited during Oligocene. These formations grouped into three types included basinal, lagoonal and reefal according to depositional environment. The aim of the study is geochemical assessment for limestone rock as major raw material in Portland cement product. The study based on XRF chemical composition analysis and loss on ignition for thirty-eight handpicked samples of the area and evaluation of major oxides as Portland cement raw material. The chemical results showed that the tested limestone samples are overwhelmingly composed of calcareous limestone. The chemical investigation appears that the entire progression is comprise of calcareous limestone, which comprises loss on ignition averagely above 42.9% and mostly less than 1% in MgO, Fe₂O₃ and Al₂O₃. The limestone classified as high-grade limestone according to the analysis results, which is exceptionally appropriate for Portland cement producing. Geochemical results of samples specified that the limestone contains high ratio of LOI, which it ranges between (38.7% to 43.9%), and other major oxides are in suitable range while alkali metal oxides and SO₃ are present in traces. The ratios of the silica modulus (SM), alumina modulus (AM), and lime saturation Factor (LSF) were calculated. It was found that these proportions of examples are mostly consistent with Iraqi Standard Specifications for Portland cement by adding silica, aluminium and iron oxides. The lime saturation factors (LSF) of assessed samples have extensively differing values, but most values have above the limits required for high quality cement. The overall outcomes confirmed that the Oligocene limestone could be use as major raw material for clinker production in cement industry.

Micropillar Cavities containing PMMA & Red-F Fluorescent Molecular Dye using Nb2O5/SiO2 DBRs

Dr. Faleh L. Mater Al-Jashaam, Sahar Naji Rashid — Tue, 25 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Photoluminescence emission from weakly coupled molecules has been investigated by placing a thin organic semiconductor film in one dimensional micropillar microcavities. The structure consisted of a Poly(methyl methacrylate) PMMA and red-emitting organic semiconductor (Red-F) thin film sandwiched between pair layers of dielectric mirrors made of materials that have low and high refractive indexes such as Nb₂O₅/SiO₂ respectively. The structure's different diameter micropillars were designed using a focused ion beam. This construction is able to reserve the light in the micropillars in three directions due to total interior reflection horizontally and disseminated Bragg reflectors vertically. Optical emission properties such as changing the spectral wavelength of the released light depending on the micropillars diameter can be controlled. As a result, series of sharp lines of emission spectra were obtained from the micropillars with diameters staring from 4 μm to 10 μm. By placing a 200 nm of thin film using (Red-F & PMMA) polymers into a 7 μm diameter micropillar, a quality factor of 446.1 was obtained. Besides, it was also obvious that as the micropillar diameter was decreased, the energy of all cavity modes gradually blue-shifted.

A Theoretical Study to Calculate the Radiation Stopping Power for Electrons in Human Tissues

Musaab Imad — Tue, 25 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

In this research, the radiation stopping power of electrons in some human tissues (adipose tissues, blood, bone compact, bone cortical, brain, eye lens, lung, skin, and testicles) was studied within the energy range from (10 MeV) to (1000 MeV). The study of the energy loss of charged particles through matter is of great importance in medical physics in general and radiotherapy in particular in order to determine the radiation dose in the case of medical tests or treatment and the effect of this dose in the cells adjacent to the target cells and possible damage to the tissues adjacent to the affected tissues. Calculations have been performed using the modified Berger-Seltzer equation (where a new formula was found to calculate the approximate function as a function of the energy of the incident electron using the data matching method and using the Curve Expert program). The radiation stopping power of each of the components of the tissue was found separately, and then the stopping power of the tissue was found using the Bragg rule for compounds. All calculations were performed using the MATLAB program. Comparing the results obtained with the value of the universal code E-Star, it was found that they matched well and that the error rate was less than (1 %).

Using Machine Learning Algorithms in Intrusion Detection Systems: A Review

Mazin S. Mohammed, Hasanien Ali Talib — Tue, 25 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are essential for identifying and mitigating security threats in Internet of Things (IoT) networks. This paper explores the unique challenges of IoT environments and presents machine learning (ML) algorithms as powerful solutions for IoT-IDS, encompassing supervised, unsupervised, and semi-supervised learning. Notable algorithms, including decision trees, random forests, support vector machines, and deep learning architectures, are discussed. Emphasis is placed on the critical role of feature selection in developing efficient IDS, addressing challenges such as heterogeneity, limited resources, real-time detection, privacy concerns, and adversarial attacks. Future research directions include advanced ML algorithms for IoT data, integration of anomaly detection, exploration of federated learning, and combining ML with other cybersecurity techniques. The paper advocates for benchmark datasets and evaluation frameworks to standardize the assessment of ML-based IoT-IDS approaches, ultimately contributing to heightened security and integrity in IoT systems..

the Solving Partial Differential Equations by using Efficient Hybrid Transform Iterative Method

Ruaa Shawqi Ismael, Ali Al -Fayadh, Saad M. Salman — Tue, 25 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The aim of this article is to propose an efficient hybrid transform iteration method that combines the homotopy perturbation approach, the variational iteration method, and the Aboodh transform forsolving various partial differential equations. The Korteweg-de Vries (KdV), modified KdV, coupled KdV, and coupled pseudo-parabolic equations are given as examples to show how effective and practical the suggested method is. The obtained exact solitary solutions of the KdV equations as well as the exact solution of the coupled pseudo-parabolic equations are identified as a convergent series with easily calculable components. identified as a convergent series with easily calculable components.

When used to solve KdV , Wave like and Pseudo – Parabolic equations , the proposed method helps to avoid Problems that frequently arise when determining the Lagrange Multiplier and the difficult integration usedin the variation iteration method , as well as the need to use the transform convolution theorem.

Two Algorithms for Solving Unconstrained Global Optimization by Auxiliary Function Method

Shehab Ahmed Ibrahem, Isam Haider Halil, Suaad Madhat Abdullah — Tue, 25 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

In this paper, we present two algorithms that are designed to solve unconstrained global optimization problems. The first algorithm is introduced for resolving unconstrained optimization problems by dividing a multidimensional problem into partitions of a one-dimensional problem and subsequently identifying a global minimizer for each partition by utilizing an auxiliary function and then using it to find the global minimizer of a multidimensional problem. In the second algorithm, the same auxiliary function is used to find a global minimizer of the same multidimensional problem without partitioning it. Finally, we apply these algorithms to common test problems and compare them to each other to show the efficiency of the algorithms