Biological effect for oils of harmala seeds peganum harmala L. and fenugreek Trigonella foenum - graecum L. in southern cowpea beetle Callosobruchus maculatus F. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Adil A. Hayder

Abstract

Studying the effects of serial concentration of harmala and fenugreek seeds oil against the southern cowpea beetle Callosobruchus maculatus F. in cowpea seeds ( reddish , white , reddish- brown and black) revealed that there was significant toxic effect of all concentrations on immature stages and adult emergence. harmala seeds oil was more effective than fenugreek oil in all treatments. The rates of productivity in southern cowpea beetle for cowpea seeds for tamarind seeds oil at 0.5/20g reached 38.83, 29.04 and  30.03, 21.45 %, and first generation (F1) reduction  93.67, 94.54, 94.33 and  96.59%  respectively and for fenugreek  seed oil was 68.00 , 69.69, 63.68 and 56.59 % and 38.46, 30.30, 18.87 and 18.17% respectively at the same concentration. The developmental period was positively  decreased  in relation with increase of concentration of oils .The two concentrations  0.4 and 0.5% were  decreased the germinability percentages of reddish- brown and black cowpea seeds ranged 50.00- 50.66% while fenugreek all of fenugreek seed oils that treated cowpea seeds four didn’t affect on germinability percentages ranged 76.66- 96.66%. Also significant difference found clearly in the attraction and repellency responses. The harmala seeds oil in different concentrations showed a superior repellency effect on insect reached maximum at 0.5% , the highest average of  individuals repellency reached  3.66 and 5.00 rates  36.60 and 50.00% with attractant  rates 3.30 and 3.30 % as it balance rates reached -33.30 and -46.70% after 15 and 30 minutes of treating , while fenugreek  seeds oil  showed significant attractant effect, the concentration 0.5% recorded highest rates of attractant, the average of  individuals attractant reached 4.33 and 6.00% rates  43.30 and 60.00% and repellent rates 6.60 and 3.30% as it balance rates reached + 36.00 and + 56.70 % after 15 and 30 minutes of treating .