Statistical analysis of Sunspot and total solar irradiance effects on the climate in kirkuk area for three solar cycles (22,23,24)

Abstract

In this study Sunspot number(SSN) and Total solar irradiance(TSI w ) observation were extracted from the Solar Influences Data analysis Center (SIDC) and Earth Radiation Budget Satellite (ERBS) for solar cycles 22,23 and 24 (1988-2017) and for the same cycles the parameters of climate were taken from the meteorological data recorded in Kirkuk station, which includes annual relative humidity(RH%),annual air temperature (cº)(T), annual Rainfall (mm)(p), and annual Sunshine duration(h/day)(SH).The  statistical correlation between the adopted solar and climate parameters has been achieved by using Statistical program (SPSS) version (23). From this statistical analysis shows that there is a correlation between SH with both (SSN) and (TSI) less than 0.5  that is mean (SSN)  and (TSI) have little effect on SH while the correlation is weak or missing between both (SSN) and solar (TSI) with RH% through the correlation coefficient values (0.05,0.032). The effect of (TSI) on the air temperature  more than the impact of (SSN) but  less than 0.5. The effect of (SSN) more than (TSI) on the amount of rainfall less than 0.5 according to the correlation coefficient value .this investigation shows that the climate in Kirkuk is clearly influenced by solar activity which includes SSN and TSI.